4720.0 - National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Survey: User Guide, 2014-15
ARCHIVED ISSUE Released at 11:30 AM (CANBERRA TIME) 27/05/2016
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STRESSORS Stressors The 2014-15 NATSISS collected information on events which occurred in the 12 months prior to interview, that may have caused stress for the respondent or for their family and/or friends. The information was collected separately for children and adults. Due to the sensitive nature of this topic, people could choose not to answer these questions. Adult stressors People aged 15 years and over were asked which of the following things had been a problem for them, their family or close friends in the 12 months prior to interview. Response categories were displayed on prompt cards, and included: Health problems
Family changes
Work problems
Other problems
More than one response could be provided. The wording of some response categories differed in remote and non-remote areas. People who selected one or more of these things as being a problem, or stressor, were asked which of these things were a problem for them personally. The number of problems experienced by self, family or friends in last 12 months was output numerically as a value ranging from 1 to 25. A refusal response may have been recorded. Child stressors For children aged 0-14 years, information was collected on events which occurred in the 12 months prior to interview, that may have caused stress for the child or disrupted their living arrangements. Proxies were asked if children had experienced any of the following situations:
More than one response could be provided. Response categories were displayed on prompt cards, and the wording of some response categories differed in remote and non-remote areas. In addition to asking about stressful events which may have occurred, proxies were asked whether children aged 0-14 years needed to stay somewhere else, or be looked after by someone else, due to a family crisis or behavioural problems. Proxies were asked if at any time in the 6 months prior to interview, the child needed to stay overnight somewhere else (excluding sleepovers at friends houses, school or other organisation sleepovers/camps, staying at a parents house where there is a shared custody arrangement or staying somewhere else on a holiday or visit). Proxies were also asked if at any time in the 12 months prior to interview, the child had to be looked after by someone away from home for more than a week. If so, they were asked to provide all of the reasons why the child was looked after by other people. Response categories were displayed on a prompt card, and included:
More than one response could be provided. Proxies of all children aged 0-14 years were asked if at any time in the 12 months prior to interview they, or any other adult living in the household, had to look after another child, who normally lives somewhere else, for more than a week. Comparison to the 2008 NATSISS The 2008 NATSISS collected information from people aged 15 years and over who personally experienced one or more stressors, on the types of things that would help them get through those difficult times. This information was not collected in 2014–15. The following response categories were new in 2014–15:
Removal People aged 15 years and over were asked about whether they, or any relatives have ever been removed or taken away from their natural family, and whether they knew about/used any of the services that are available to help people find/contact relatives. Due to the sensitive nature of this topic, respondents could chose not to answer these questions. People were asked if they or any of their relatives had been removed from their family by welfare or the government, or taken away to a mission (excluding people who were removed from their family for less than 6 months). If any relatives had been removed, people were asked which relatives had been removed. More than one response was allowed. Response categories included:
People who had been removed from their natural family were then asked if they had seen any of their relatives since they had been removed. People who had seen relatives since they had been removed were asked if they had used a service to find or make contact with each other. People who had not seen relatives since they were removed were asked if they knew of any of the services available that could help with finding and contacting relatives. Barriers to service providers Barriers to service providers include any problems people may have had getting to a service and any reasons why people may not have gone to/used a service when they needed to. People aged 15 years and over were asked if they found it hard to get to any of the following services, or if they had any other problems with accessing these services. More than one response was allowed. Response categories included:
If more than 3 services were selected the respondent was asked which 3 services they had the most problems accessing. People who reported having problems getting to or accessing one or more services were asked to identify the problems they had for each service (maximum 3 services had most problem accessing). Response categories included:
More than one response could be provided. The barriers information is available on two different levels:
The information available on the selected persons level includes:
At this level, the type of barrier to accessing services relates to all problems a person had accessing services, regardless of the service. Data refers to the number of people who experienced each barrier, therefore each barrier may only be recorded once per person. The information available on the barriers level includes:
At this level, the barriers to accessing services relates to all instances where a barrier was a problem. Data refers to the number of times each barrier was recorded. Barriers may therefore be recorded more than once for some people, as people may have recorded the same barrier for more than one service. Comparison to the 2008 NATSISS In the 2008 NATSISS, Barriers level data referred to all types of services with problems accessing. In 2014–15, this was restricted to a maximum of three services per respondent. Where a respondent reported more than three types of services they had problems accessing, they were then asked which three of these services they had the most problems accessing. Only these three services are represented at the Barriers level. Between 2008 and 2014–15, there were revisions to the response categories for both the types of services people may have had problems accessing, and the types of problems, or barriers, people may have experienced in accessing those services. Response categories in 2008 were: Types of services
Types of problems or barriers
Unfair treatment and bullying This topic encompasses two main themes:
Unfair treatment because Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander (people aged 15 years and over) The 2014-15 NATSISS collected information about experiences of unfair treatment in the 12 months prior to interview, using a series of questions designed to capture the type(s) of unfair treatment experienced, the frequency of unfair treatment, and the situation in which the most recent experience occurred. Being treated unfairly means a person is treated rudely, as if they are inferior or with disrespect; ignored, insulted, harassed, stereotyped or discriminated against; or unfair assumptions are made about them. People aged 15 years and over were asked whether they had any of the following experiences because they are Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander, in the 12 months prior to interview. Response categories included:
More than one response could be provided. People who experienced more than type of unfair treatment during the previous 12 months were asked which type they had experienced most recently. People who reported one or more experiences of unfair treatment were asked how often they felt they had been treated unfairly in the 12 months prior to interview. Response categories included:
They were also asked about the situation in which the (most recent) experience occurred. Response categories included:
People aged 15 years and over were asked if, at any time during the 12 months prior to interview, they had avoided any of the following situations because they felt they had been treated unfairly in the past. Response categories included:
More than one response could be provided. Bullying and unfair treatment at school For children aged 2-14 years, information was collected on bullying and unfair treatment at school. School includes pre-primary, preparatory, reception, transition, kindergarten, primary or secondary school. Bullying is when another student, or group of students, uses behaviour that is cruel or hurtful for no reason. Unfair treatment is when another student, or group of students, teacher, or other school staff member discriminates against a student because they are Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander. Bullying Proxies of children aged 2-14 years, who usually attend school (excluding children who were home schooled), were asked whether the child had ever been bullied at school. A don't know response could be provided. If the child had been bullied at school, proxies were asked if they had been bullied at their current school, whether they had changed schools to avoid any bullying, and whether the bullying was:
More than one response could be provided. Proxies could have also said they did not know what type of bullying the child had experienced. If the child had been bullied at school, proxies were also asked if the bullying led to the child not going to school as much as they should. If the proxy answered 'No' or 'Don't know', they were asked if they thought the child's progress at school was being affected by the bullying. Unfair treatment Proxies of children aged 2-14 years, who usually attend school (excluding children who were home schooled), were asked whether the child had ever been treated unfairly at school because they are Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander. A don't know response could be provided. If the child had been treated unfairly at school because they are Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander, proxies were asked if they had been treated unfairly at their current school, whether they had changed schools to avoid the unfair treatment, and whether they thought the child's progress at school was being affected by the unfair treatment. Comparison with the 2008 NATSISS This topic has undergone substantial revision since 2008. The major revisions are outlined below. Detailed information on how this information was collected in the 2008 NATSISS can be found in the Life experiences chapter of National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Survey: Users' Guide, 2008 (cat. no. 4720.0). The 2008 NATSISS questionnaire and Data item list can be accessed via the Downloads tab. Unfair treatment because Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander (people aged 15 years and over) The major revisions between 2008 and 2014–15 include:
In the 2008 NATSISS, data item labels referred to 'discrimination', however, the question wording referred to 'unfair treatment' and is consistent with the question wording used in 2014–15. Bullying and unfair treatment at school In 2008, proxies were asked if a child was 'bullied or treated unfairly at school' because they were of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander origin. In 2014–15, bullying at school, and unfair treatment at school, were collected separately. Additionally, in 2014–15, bullying was not restricted to that experienced because the child is of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander origin, and types of bullying was expanded to include 'through technology' in 2014–15. The following information was collected in 2008, but was not collected in 2014–15:
Homelessness The 2014–15 NATSISS collected information about past experiences of being without a permanent place to live, and homelessness. The term 'permanent place to live' was left to the respondent's interpretation, however, if clarification was sought the following definition was provided; 'A permanent place to live is a usual address at a dwelling with kitchen and bathroom facilities, and provides security of tenure'. Security of tenure refers to a person's legal right to occupy a dwelling, with stability and security of tenure such as owning the dwelling and/or land, or renting with a formal lease or similar right that could be enforced by a tenant. All question wording referred to being 'without a permanent place to live' rather than 'homeless'. A person was to considered to have experienced homelessness if they had ever been without a permanent place to live due to one or more selected circumstances, which are explained below. The NATSISS provides information about people who have previously experienced homelessness, but who were usual residents of private dwellings at the time of enumeration. As the NATSISS only enumerates usual residents of private dwellings, it does not include people who were living in shelters, people sleeping rough, people 'couch surfing' (staying temporarily with other households), or people staying in boarding houses. It may include some people who were staying in transitional housing (including Transitional Housing Management programs) if the resident considered that dwelling as their usual residence. The NATSISS did not specifically ask about the experience of living in severely crowded dwellings (households that require four or more bedrooms according to the Canadian National Occupancy Standard for Housing Appropriateness) which is considered to be homelessness under the ABS statistical definition. People aged 15 years and over were asked if they had ever experienced any of the following situations because they did not have a permanent place to live. Response categories were displayed on a prompt card, and included:
More than one response could be provided. People who had ever experienced one or more of these situations were asked what led to the situation(s). Response categories were displayed on a prompt card, and included:
More than one response could be provided. People were considered to have experienced homelessness if they had ever been without a permanent place to live due to one or more of the following reasons:
People who had ever been without a permanent place to live, and only stated reasons other than those listed above, were not considered to have experienced homelessness and were not asked any further questions on this topic. People who were considered to have experienced homelessness were asked how many times they were without a permanent place to live. Response categories included:
People who experienced more than one situation of being without a permanent place to live were asked which situation they experienced most recently. People may have reported more than one situation, for example, they may have stayed with family, and also stayed at a boarding house during their most recent period of being without a permanent place to live. People who reported more than one reason for having been without a permanent place to live were asked what led to the most recent experience. People may have reported more than one reason. People may have experienced being without a permanent place to live for a number of reasons, including some reasons that were considered to be homelessness and others that were not. If a person's most recent experience of being without a permanent place to live was not considered to be homelessness, they were not asked any further questions on this topic. People for whom the most recent experience of being without a permanent place to live was considered to be homelessness, were asked when that most recent experience was. Response categories included:
People who had their most recent experience of homelessness less than 10 years ago were asked to think about the most recent experience, and to record how long they were without a permanent place to live. Response categories included:
They were also asked whether they sought assistance from any of the following services:
More than one response could be provided. People who selected 'local council' were prompted for any further services, as the local council may have been the first port of call but they may have been referred to other services. People who did seek assistance from one or more services were asked if they felt that the service(s) helped them. A 'Yes', 'No' or 'Don't know' response could be provided. People who did not seek assistance from any services were asked why they did not seek assistance from any support services. Response categories included:
More than one response could be provided. Comparison with the 2008 NATSISS This information was collected for the first time in 2014–15. Document Selection These documents will be presented in a new window.
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